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Cutting metals with a laser is an established practice, which is part of many production processes. But despite the great advantages and savings it brings in terms of time and costs, the heat generated by this type of cut is a component to be kept under very close observation.

With heat, materials can in fact lose their characteristics, change properties, transform and react differently to stimuli.

In order not to give up the potential of the laser without compromising the statics of what will be built, Adige Sys - Blm Group, world leader in the construction of machines for laser metal processing, turned to the University of Trento. He did so by choosing to finance a PhD scholarship in Industrial Innovation, thus opening the doors of his company to Dicam researchers, and making his manufacturing expertise available in exchange for their analytical collaboration.

«Whether it is, as in this case, to elaborate mechanical models - explains Oreste S. Bursi, director of Dicam and tutor of the doctoral project - or to physically build something, mechanics and structural modeling always represent challenges. And a challenge is in fact at the basis of this PhD program as well, because both our department and Adige Sys have set out to carry out a process of evolution, to get to know better something they previously knew less ». It was the relationship between time and heat that linked the level of skills of the Dicam and the constructive precision of the Levico Terme company. Adige Sys creates machinery that is used to cut large pipes and beams which will then be used in the structural field to build sheds, stadium covers, bridges ... In short, for a type of use for which a very strict regulatory qualification is required, which establishes how these artifacts must be made, how long they must last, what resistance to fatigue with a high number of cycles they must guarantee.

"These are structures that must last over time - explains Alberto Valli, Adige Sys technical director - but also withstand vibrations, atmospheric agents, stresses, these are all parameters for which thermal processing, as well as laser processing, is viewed with suspicion. Because the material heats up during cutting and can become more brittle, less resistant, too hard and not very flexible… It therefore became essential for us to understand what effects this type of processing has on materials in terms of changes in their metallurgical and mechanical characteristics. And this is why we turned to UniTrento and agreed to finance a scholarship for the PhD in Industrial Innovation ».

Results and challenges - Initial results were encouraging. The tests carried out show that the laser, if used with certain parameters, does not change the characteristics of the materials with which it comes into contact. An observation that has already led to the modification of several European regulations, which now do not consider laser cutting as automatically impoverishing the material. But a result that represents only a new starting point for researchers and for the company.

In fact, having clarified that laser cutting may not significantly alter the properties of the metals it cuts, it remains to understand what these "certain circumstances" are. «We as a company could do all the possible and imaginable tests - observes Valli - to use a high intensity laser beam for a short time, or a less powerful but slower beam, the possibilities remained endless. We therefore did not need new practical tests, because they were too many to do, but a mathematical model that would tell us how the material would behave and with what consequences as the laser power changed. In short, we needed the mechanical and numerical competence of the University, and here we are ».

The PhD in Industrial Innovation: Theory, in Practice - The PhD course in Industrial Innovation of UniTrento is a terrain on which the departments of Engineering and Information Science (Disi), Industrial Engineering (Dii), Civil Engineering, Environmental and Mechanics (Dicam), the Physics department, the Economics and Management department and the Bruno Kessler Foundation (Fbk) have decided to experiment and contaminate themselves. A training ground for training experts in technological innovation, people with transversal theoretical and practical skills.

15 scientific-disciplinary sectors involved, 5 departments and a research foundation involved, 3 private companies with agreements and many more those with which to exchange information and projects to train experts in technological innovation.

The program involves actors such as Hit, the Trentino innovation hub; Eit Digital, the European organization for digital innovation and entrepreneurship education; the School of Innovation and Trentino Sviluppo. For the PhD student, there is the obligation to spend at least six months of their training course at one of the companies promoting the project, so as to benefit from a double experience and to have their own activities coordinated, supported and monitored not only by the academic supervisor but also by a company tutor.

Waiting to celebrate the first doctorates next year, the doctorate in Industrial Innovation of UniTrento is preparing in a few months to select for the third time the candidates who will come from Italy and abroad to compete for one of the available places.

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